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Emma Hakala & Marco Siddi
for HSF Blog

Europe’s latest energy shock lays bare the cost of fossil fuel dependence

2026 has been a year of energy crisis for Europe, and no quick solution is in sight….

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Katja Creutz & Bart Gaens
for HSF Blog

All revved up, middle powers look for traction

Against the background of intensifying great-power rivalry and a possible return to sphere-of-influence politics, 2026 witnessed a…

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Jyri Lavikainen
for HSF Blog

Waging deterrence in the future war

The Russo-Ukrainian War has resulted in a sobering reappraisal of the significance of nuclear deterrence in the…

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Matti Pesu
for HSF Blog

Nordic defence cooperation has come a long way – is military integration next?

Nordic defence cooperation has reached a new level after Finnish and Swedish NATO accession. For decades, the…

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Margarita Zavadskaya
for HSF Blog

Russia solves its wartime problems by creating new ones elsewhere

For much of the war, the Kremlin has managed something initially improbable: fighting a major war in…

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Sinikukka Saari & Mikael Wigell
for HSF Blog

From drift to direction – Europe needs more than capital to compete in technology

Global technological competition is increasingly structured around two powerhouses. The United States leads through deep capital markets,…

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HSF Reports